Pathology is a basic medical science that studies the causes, mechanisms, development patterns of human diseases, as well as the morphological structure, functional metabolic changes and lesion outcomes of the body during the disease process.Pathology has always been regarded as a "bridge disci...

Immunopathology refers to the science that studies the pathological phenomena caused by functional abnormalities (or secondary abnormalities) and immune responses.It is one of the branches of immunology, covering a wide range, including (allergic reactions), autoimmunity, immune hyperplasia and immu...

Pathology, also known as surgical pathology, diagnostic pathology and tumor pathology, is a basic medical discipline that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes, outcome and prognosis of diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseas...

1. The safety range is narrow and the therapeutic index is low. The therapeutic concentration range of some drugs is very close to the minimum toxic concentration, and can even overlap, making poisoning extremely easy. Only by adjusting the dosage based on the blood drug concentration detected by TD...

Pharmacodynamics drug interactions refer to the situation where one drug enhances or weakens the physiological effects or drug effects of another drug, without having a significant impact on the blood drug concentration and pharmacokinetics of the drug.Generally speaking, the combined application of...

In drug discovery trials, it is necessary to accurately know the possibility that molecules can cause harm to organisms. After understanding the behavior of the drug substance under study in the body, it will provide a basis for the design of clinical trials and valuable data for the launch of new d...

Pharmacokinetics is a science that applies the principles of kinetics to study the changes of drugs in the body, namely the speed of processes such as drug absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion.Pharmacokinetics is the study of drugs in vivo using mathematical models and formulas....

Histamine inhalation test is a type of bronchial drug provocation test. By nebulizing and inhaling the biologically active medium histamine, the bronchial smooth muscle is directly stimulated to contract, and at the same time, cholinergic nerve endings are also stimulated, reflexively causing smooth...

The purpose of the development of experimental animal science is to study the life phenomena of animals themselves and then apply them to humans, explore the mysteries of human life, control human diseases and aging, and extend human lifespan. With the rapid development of medical and biological sci...

The term "proteome" is derived from the combination of the words "protein" and "genome", meaning "the complete set of proteins expressed by a genome", that is, including all the proteins expressed by a cell or even a living organism. Proteomics essentially ref...

cell culture refers to a method of simulating the in vivo environment (aseptic, suitable temperature, pH level and certain nutritional conditions, etc.) in vitro to enable it to survive, grow, reproduce and maintain its main structure and function. Cell culture, also known as cell cloning technology...

Ethanol is closely related to the occurrence of liver fibrosis. After ethanol is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, it is oxidized by the enzyme system of the body to acetaldehyde and can be further oxidized to acetate. During the process of ethanol converting to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde c...