Basic principle

chronic bronchitis refers to the chronic non-specific inflammatory response of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa and their surrounding tissues caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. The pathological characteristics of chronic bronchitis are hyperplasia of bronchial glands and increased mucus secretion. Clinically, it is often characterized by a chronic process of recurrent coughing, expectoration or accompanied by wheezing, each lasting for more than 3 months and for more than 2 consecutive years. In severe cases, it can be complicated by obstructive emphysema or even pulmonary heart disease. Chronic bronchitis is more common in the elderly. In the early stage of the disease course, the symptoms are generally mild. The onset season is more common in winter, and the symptoms ease when the weather gets warmer in spring. In the advanced stage, it is generally manifested as a more severe inflammatory response than before, and the symptoms persist throughout the year regardless of the season. At present, chronic bronchitis has become one of the major diseases affecting human health and quality of life. It is of great significance to study its treatment and prognosis. The onset of chronic bronchitis is closely related to internal and external factors such as smoking, infection, climatic factors (such as cold), physical and chemical factors (such as irritating smoke, dust, SO2, etc.), allergy, local defense of the respiratory tract and weakened immune function, and autonomic nerve dysfunction.

Mold-making mechanism

Applying various damaging factors that can induce chronic bronchitis to animals and subjecting them to long-term stimulation can cause chronic inflammation of the trachea, bronchial mucosa and their surrounding tissues. The main methods that induce chronic bronchitis include: chemical drug methods (such as ren-sulfur oxide, chlorine, ammonia water, lipopolysaccharide, enzymes, adrenergic drugs, cholinergic drugs, secretins, etc.), bacterial infection methods (such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.), passive smoking methods (such as raw tobacco leaves, straw tobacco, mixed tobacco, etc.) and combined methods (such as bacteria plus smoke, bacteria plus cold, etc.). These methods can be used alone or in combination.

Mold-making method

Chemical drug method.

Mice were exposed to air containing 2% of S026 for 10 seconds each day. After 14 to 18 days, the mice developed bronchitis lesions, and after 27 days, severe bronchitis lesions occurred. The total observation time was 97 days.

(2) Mice were exposed to air containing 0.001-0.004mg/L of CI2C for 25-30 minutes each day. After 35 days, chronic bronchitis lesions could occur in the mice. The total observation time was 50 days.

(3) Repeat the stimulation with ammonia-containing air every 15 to 20 minutes, each time for 2 to 3 minutes, for a total of 8 times a day. Chronic bronchitis symptoms may occur after 32 days, and the total observation time is 100 days.

(4) Intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide method: Rats are anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 1% pentobital sodium. They are fixed in a supine position on the operating table, the tongue is pulled out, the glottis is exposed, the cannula is quickly inserted into the trachea, and 200μg/200μ of lipopolysaccharide is injected into the trachea. The rat model of chronic bronchitis was prepared after being raised for 4 weeks.

2. Bacterial infection method

(1) Influenza virus was cultivated using chicken embryo liquid. Chicken embryo liquid cultivated for 48 hours was selected, with the unit being 1: 320; Influenza bacillus was a culture for 18-24 hours, with a bacterial concentration of 7 × 000001. Under anesthesia with B-MI, the infected material was instilled into the nose (0.03ml per mouse), and mild necrosis of the tracheal epithelium occurred within 3-6 days. After 35 days, typical symptoms of chronic bronchitis were presented.

(2) A 0.1ml nasal drip was administered to rats under anesthesia with a mixed bacterial solution of influenza bacillus at a ratio of 9.1 billion /ml, Streptococcus pya at a ratio of 610 million /ml, Karatous inflammatory bacteria at a ratio of 900 million /ml, and Streptococcus pneumoniae at a ratio of 600 million /ml, once a week. After 6 weeks, there was a tendency to develop chronic bronchitis, but the degree was very mild.

(3) Place guinea pigs in an environment of 7 to 8 degrees Celsius for 1 hour, once every other day, and after 45 days, change to twice a week. At the same time, add 0.2ml of a mixed bacterial drip (8 types) to the nose overnight. After 150 days, subacute or even chronic bronchitis lesions can be formed.

3. Passive smoking method

Method for chronic bronchitis in rats caused by smoke: Place the rats in a 27-cubic-meter smoke chamber and mix them with a mixture of 150-200mg/ cubic meter (200g sawdust, 15-20g tobacco leaves), 6-7g chili peppers and 1g sulfur. Burn it within 20-30 minutes. The particles should be above 0.5-1um and inhaled 6 times a week. Chronic bronchitis lesions can form within 44 days.

(2) Burn one and a half cigarettes in a 21-liter container for a total of 10 minutes. After ventilation for 5 minutes, burn them again with a cigarette and keep burning for another 10 minutes. Guinea pigs were placed in this smoky environment once a day, six times a week, and at 7 to 8 degrees Celsius for one hour, once every other day. After 45 days, the frequency was changed to twice a week. Chronic bronchitis lesions may occur after 28 to 35 days. After 6 weeks, the lesions remain and gradually worsen.